Experimental estimates of residential intake fractions for indoor volatile organic compound (VOC) releases are scarce. We evaluated individual intake fractions (iFi, mass inhaled by an individual per unit mass emitted) using approximately five months of time-resolved VOC measurements acquired at two residences. First, we directly estimated iFi using inert tracer gases that were released at fixed rates. Tracer gas iFi values were generally consistent between occupants and comparable across seasons. Furthermore, iFi for sources released on different floors of a residence were statistically indistinguishable, suggesting that source location within the living space was not strongly influential. Emissions from living space sources (iFi â¼ 0.3% = 3000 ppm) contributed to occupant exposures at rates 2â4 times higher than crawl space sources (iFi â¼ 1000 ppm) and greater than 40 times higher than attic sources (iFi < â¼70 ppm). Second, we indirectly estimated iFi for 251 VOCs using net emission rates estimated by indoorâoutdoor material balance. Although emission patterns varied between compounds, all VOC-specific iFi estimates were clustered near the values of the living space tracer gases. These experimental observations substantiate the theoretical expectation that iFi values are largely independent of analyte characteristics, a useful simplification for exposure assessments.